Decimation is reducing the output sampling rate
by ignoring all but every Mth sample. When a digital filter
reduces the bandwidth of a signal of interest so the filter
output is over-sampled if the input sample rate is preserved,
it is inefficient to compute outputs that will be ignored in the
decimation process. Thus, there is a one-to-one
correspondence between decimation rate and gain in
computational efficiency. However, this computational
efficiency can not be fully realized in an IIR filter because the
feedback path must be computed for every input cycle.
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